Abridged Study of Kali Group

Introduction

• The word ‘Potassium’ has been derived from the word ‘Potash.’(Pot means ash; the remains of burnt vegetable matter). In Europe, it is named as ‘Kalium’ and it is derived from an Arabic word ‘Kaly’ – which means ‘ash’.
• Dr. Davy first isolated it in 1807, by electrolysis of fused potassium hydroxide
• It does not occur in nature in free state. It is the seventh most common element on the earth. It is slightly radioactive.
• The Earth’s crust contains about 2.5 percent potassium. Its salts are present in fertile soils, in a combined state with organic acids, plants, mineral springs and oceans. In nature, it occurs as Carnallite, Sylvine, Kanite and Saltpeter and in many rocks as Silicates.
• It is a soft, silvery-white metal. Its chemical properties are similar to that of sodium, but the reactivity is greater than the sodium. Metallic potassium is used in photoelectric cells. The alloy of sodium and potassium is used as liquid in various industries to lower the temperature. It is often stored in paraffin oil or sealed cans.

• Acute or chronic renal failure
• Adrenal insufficiency
• Insulin insufficiency
• Shift of K⁺ from tissues e.g. tissue damage, metabolic acidosis, neuro-muscular diseases, drug-induced
• Excessive intake of K⁺
• Pseudo-hyperkalemia

• Arrhythmia. Tall T-wave and prolonged P-R interval. QRS complex is prolonged and finally tends to merge with T-wave in a sine-wave configuration.
• Hypothyroidism
• Respiratory paralysis
• Flaccid quadriplegia
• Progressive ascending muscular atrophy

• Deficiency of ADH
• Increased level of aldosterone, gluco-corticoids, mineralo-corticoids and insulin
• Poor intake of food
• Acute gastro-enteritis
• Diabetic keto-acidosis (DKA)
• Mg²⁺ deficiency
• Steroid toxicity
• Abuse of laxatives and diuretics
• Hypertension

• Paresis and paralysis
• Flattening or inversion of T-wave, depressed ST segment, prolonged QT interval and prominent U-wave
• Sub-endocardial patchy necrosis and myocardial dysfunction
• Impairment of renal tubular functions
• Increased fat metabolism
• Sluggish breakdown of glycogen, which leads to diabetes mellitus
• Ileal stasis
• Na⁺ imbibition and retention of water
• Malabsorption syndrome

• Kali family is made up of Potash  in addition with other salts
• Profound muscular weakness  and eventually paralysis. Lassitude, weakness, heaviness of extremities, depression of the sexual powers, sexual erethism.
• Affect markedly the mucous membranes – producing congestion, inflammation, ulceration and increased and altered mucous discharges. They have a power to arrest abnormal secretions.
• Hemorrhagic and cancerous diathesis
• Kali salts produce an instability of the nerves; easy startling from noise or touch
• Oedematous swelling, twitching, jerking,  choreic movements and convulsions. Stitching, shooting, tearing and wandering pains.
• Papular and pustular eruptions; unhealthy, unrefreshing and indolent ulcers
• Lack of vital heat; chilly patient
• Kali patient is dropsical, debilitated, destructive, rheumatic and epileptic. Anxious, agitated, dependent, conformist, irritable, weak-willed, restless, religious, selfish, insecure and oversensitive.
• They are routinist, conventional and traditional. They follow ISOPRAXISM  i.e. imitation in their life. They are conscientious and controlling. They may hide their emotions and express through bodily gestures. They refer to an expression of emotional attachments to other people.
• Aggravation: After midnight, early morning, motion, fat, eating, milk. They have aggravation of the chest symptoms in the forenoon and bowel symptoms in the afternoon
• Amelioration: Warm application, deflation

• Aged, oversensitive. Atrophic, degenerative, calcareous, cancerous.
• Chilly patient. Neurotic, fagged, paralytic.
• Syphilitic miasm predominates

• Atonic, dropsical, devitalized, sensitive, calcareous, paralytic. Bilious, dyspeptic.
• Chilly patient
• Sycotic miasm predominates

• Cachectic, calcareous, exudative. Neurotic habit.
• Chilly patient. Lean, thin, skinny.
• Psora-syphilitic miasm predominates.

• Active, anti-rest, hysterical, epileptic, paralytic
• Hot patient. Periodical attacks.
• Syco-syphilitic miasm predominates

• Adherent, epileptic, calcareous, sensitive, cancerous. Ulcerative degeneration.
• Ambithermal patient
• Rheumatic and catarrhal affection. Degenerative, plethoric, torpid, weary, hysterical, skinny.
• Syphilitic miasm predominates

• Hot patient
• Rheumatic and calcareous affection
• Sycotic miasm predominates

• Adynamic, supportive, calcareous, torpid. Exudative degeneration.
• Chilly patient
• Syphilitic miasm predominates

• Allergic, destructive, scrofulous, scorbutic
• Hot patient. Exudative and cancerous degeneration.
• Syphilitic miasm predominates

• Ambithermal patient
• Cachetic, calcareous. Hard, glandular degeneration.
• Syphilitic miasm predominates

• Anaemic. Debilitated, hearty, touchy.
• Neuralgic affection
• Tubercular miasm predominates

• Cachetic, declining. Debilitated, diabetic, dropsical.
• Exudative degeneration
• Tubercular miasm predominates

• Cachetic, cancerous, epileptic. Chronic destructive disorders.
• Neuralgic affections
• Tubercular miasm predominates

• Chilly patient
• Chronic destructive disorders. Scrobutic, toxaemic.
• Hemorrhagic diathesis. Neuralgic affections.
• Tubercular miasm predominates

• Asthmatic, scorbutic, debilitated, calcareous. Dyspeptic, whitish.
• Cancerous diathesis. Congestive and exudative disorders. Rheumatic affections.
• Syco-tubercular miasm predominates.

• Exudative, fibrinous, glandular affections
• Sub-acute and embolic changes
• Sycotic miasm predominates

• Atrophic, paralytic, calcareous, neurotic, senility
• Chilly patient
• Fissure and neuralgic affections
• Standstill condition. Sycotic miasm predominates.

• Arms and legs crossed
• Head down with chin depressed. Leans back in chair.
• Minimal eye contact. Pursed lips. Rigid body

• Clenched fists. Dilatation of pupils.
• Lips closed and held in tight thin line
• Rigid body. Squinting of eyes.

• Crossed legs. Slightly tilted head.
• Head to cheek gestures
• Sucks glasses / pencils

• Clears throat. Covers mouth while speaking.
• Darting of eys. Tapping of fingers.
• Tugging at ear or pant. Waving of foot.

• Body withdrawn
• Clears throat
• Crossed arms/legs. Head down.
• Squinting or rubbing of eyes
• Touching or rubbing of nose

• Blind staring
• Hand on forehead and eyes down
• Head down. Runs hands in hair.
• Short breath
• Tightly clenched hands

• Bites fingernails. Examines cuticles.
• Gently rubs some objects e.g. ring, watch etc.
• Pinches the fleshy part of hands

• Blank stares. Relaxed posture, sloughing.
• Drumming of table
• Head in hand. Slack lips.
• Swinging / crossed foot
• Tapping of foot and fingers

• Ailments from grief, injustice, vexation, cares, worries, frustration
• Over-compassionate, self-sacrificing, anxious, idealistic
• Slowly progressing and absence of true inflammation
• Injuries: burns, gunshot wounds, gynaecological operations
• Never been well since that last burn
• Desire: Smoked meat, salt and salty foods, cold
• Aversion: Sweets
• Amelioration: Damp weather, discharges – but rheumatism < damp weather

• Amaurosis suddenly appearing during acute nephritis
• Sweat: offensive; sweaty head < 4 P.M.
• Urine: profuse, offensive, watery with ammoniacal or sweetish odour
• Itchy eruptions < warmth of bed
• 5 D’s: Diabetes, Diarrhoea, Dropsy, Debility, Diuresis

• Nervous, anxious, restless. Anaemic, chilly.
• Tendency for malignancy
• Rheumatic, gouty and syphilitic affections
• Pains < change of weather
• Aggravation: Touch, milk, 2 – 3 A.M.
• Amelioration: Warmth, rainy weather

• Ambitious, perfectionist, adherent, aversion to business
• Slow but deep process. Sticky, stringy, viscid, tough discharges.
• Absence of fever or very little fever
• Pains: Quick, migrating, spotty, sharp < morning, 2 – 3 A.M.
• Desire: Beer, acids

• Ailments from grief, business failure, worries, sexual excess.
• Want of moral feeling. Fidgety, wriggling.
• Chiefly affects sexual organs. Diseases with slow onset and without pain.
• Warm blooded persons. Acne, epilepsy.

• Anxiety, anticipation, agitation
• Dropsy: everywhere; notable over the upper eyelids
• Diseases with insidious onset. Chronic, organic lesions.
• Emotions striking at the pit of the stomach. Pains: Stitching, flying.
• Aggravation: Touch, 3A.M.

• Aphonia, asthma, coryza, diphtheria
• Epigastrium sensitive, puffy face
• Constriction of throat and chest
• Streptococcal affections of throat

• Bright’s disease, tympanitis
• Constant flow of mucous, copious flatus
• Pain in stomach and abdomen as if a machine was working inside and skimming the interior

• Suddenness of ailments. Irritability with absence of people, cold perspiration.
• Agonizing neuralgia < 4 A.M. – 4 P.M.
• Rheumatism of joints < morning and motion
• Cancer of tongue

• Hard mind, conflicts between idea and super-ego
• Cancerous diathesis
• Warm blooded people

• Medicine for organic changes; slow reaction
• Lagging repairing process, diffuse sensitiveness
• Anti-rest, nervous mobility < 4 – 7 A.M. and 5 P.M.
• Sourness of skin; warm blooded
• Acute upper respiratory tract infection; violent sneezing, discharge first watery, then greenish; frontal sinusitis.

• Sub-acute inflammation. Fibrinous exudates.
• Indicated in chronic suppurative otitis media, quinsy, embolism
• Discharges: Milky white, thick and sticky
• Tongue: Dry, slimy, grayish-white, sour taste, indigestion
• Pains: Cutting, sticking and shifting

• Asthma; bronchial and cardiac, right-sided nasal polyp
• Suddenness of attacks. Pains: Dull, stitching and throbbing.
• Scalp and testes sensitive

• Extreme depression, tendency to faint, insanity.
• Throbbing pain in head with extreme thirst, copious vomiting and convulsions
• Cramps in legs, nails and fingers

• Lack of nerve power; state of adynamia and decay. Nervous insufficiency followed by vital insufficiency.
• Discharge: Putrid, golden-yellow
• Aggravation: 3 to 5 A.M.

• Violent eructations, jaundice, pain at pit of stomach
• Intermittent fever
• Urine: Reddish brown due to presence of urate of ammonia

• Arteriosclerosis, chronic rheumatism
• Vomiting of pregnancy

• Weak, pale with cold body
• Acute gastritis; chill followed by fever and sweat
• Violent gastro-intestinal irritation; hiccough
• Pulse rapid and strong

• Chronic cold, hay fever, sneezing. Red and watery eyes.
• Very fine threads from septum to external wall

• 3rd stage of inflammation, desquamation. Anguish from heat; torpid process.
• Discharges: Profuse, thin or thick, deep yellow
• Schussler’s Pulsatilla. Tense in temperament, but sluggish and inactive.
• Pains: Shifting, stitching, tearing and festering.

• Cryophobic, lassitude; desire to lie down
• Lack of reaction
• Discharges: Bloody, thick, yellow, offensive
• Deep acting remedy. Chilly patient.
• Warts: Painful suppurated, stinging

• Profound weakness and emaciation
• Violent vomiting, black-green in colour
• Violent diarrhoea, coffee-ground in colour
• Tongue: Dry, brown
• Thighs and legs paralyzed; paraplegia

• Destructive inflammation
• Malignancy

• Garlic odour of breath; excessive salivation
• Appetite increased
• Tongue: White coated and swollen

• Acts on cortical substance of brain
• Marked degeneration; senility
• Impotency