
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental illness known as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is typified by recurrent patterns of impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention that impede daily functioning and growth. Because homeopathy addresses the underlying predisposition and restores balance, it provides a customized strategy to controlling symptoms of ADHD. In addition to providing insights into its holistic care, this article examines the epidemiology, etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and homoeopathic therapies of ADHD.
Keywords
Here are some relevant keywords for ADHD:
1. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
2. ADHD
3. Inattention
4. Hyperactivity
5. Impulsivity
6. Neurodevelopmental disorder
7. Behavioral symptoms
8. Executive dysfunction
9. ADHD subtypes (inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, combined)
10. Emotional dysregulation
11. Cognitive impairment
12. Learning disabilities
13. Comorbid conditions (e.g., anxiety, ODD, depression)
14. Diagnosis of ADHD
15. DSM-5 criteria
16. Behavioral therapy
17. Homoeopathic management
18. Individualized treatment
19. ADHD in children and adults
20. Social and academic challenges
Epidemiology
With incidence rates of between 5–7% worldwide, ADHD is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental diseases affecting children. At about a 3:1 male-to-female ratio, boys are diagnosed more frequently than females. In over 60% of cases, symptoms may last throughout adolescence and adulthood, which can cause difficulties in social interactions, academic performance, and professional achievement.
Introduction
ADHD, formerly known as attention deficit disorder (ADD), is characterized by persistent patterns of hyperactivity-impulsivity and/or inattention that impair social, emotional, and cognitive functioning. Comorbid disorders like oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), anxiety, and learning difficulties are frequently linked to it.
Etiology
Although the precise etiology of ADHD is still unknown, environmental, neurological, and genetic variables all play a major role.
- Genetic Factors: First-degree relatives of people with ADHD are at a greater risk, indicating a significant hereditary component.
- Neurobiological Factors: Reduced activity in prefrontal cortical regions and anomalies in dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways are linked.
- Environmental Factors: ADHD is linked to low birth weight, early life stress, and prenatal exposure to chemicals (such as alcohol and smoke).
Risk Elements
- ADHD or mental health issues in the family.
- Low birth weight or premature delivery.
- Exposure to pollutants in the environment.
- Substance misuse by pregnant mothers.
Clinical Features and Symptoms
There are two main groups into which symptoms of ADHD fall:
1. Inattention: Disorganization, forgetfulness, distractibility, and trouble maintaining focus.
2. Hyperactivity-Impulsivity: Trouble waiting for one’s turn, excessive fidgeting, difficulty sitting quietly, and interrupting others.
Three subtypes can result from variations in presentation:
- Primarily inattentive kind
- Mostly impulsive and
- Hyperactive kind Type combination
Diagnosis
Based on the DSM-5 criteria, ADHD is diagnosed as a clinical condition. Important actions consist of: Taking a thorough history Behavior evaluations from guardians, instructors, or parents Conners’ Rating Scale and Vanderbilt Assessment Scale are examples of screening instruments. It is necessary to rule out differential diagnoses such anxiety, mental disorders, and learning difficulties.
Homoeopathic Approach and Therapeutics
A customized treatment plan based on a constitutional analysis and the entirety of symptoms is provided by homeopathy. Following a thorough case study, the child’s behavioral, emotional, and physical traits are taken into account while selecting a remedy.
Important Treatments for ADHD:
1. Tuberculinum: For kids who are restless, hyperactive, and always want to change.
2. Hyoscyamus niger: Controls jealousy, impetuous actions, and excessive speech.
3. Tarentula hispanica: Good for kids who act destructively and are extremely restless.
4. Stramonium: For night terrors, violent outbursts, and dread.
5. Phosphorus: Helpful for kids with emotional sensitivity and focus issues.
6. Calcarea carbonica: For sluggish learners who are prone to exhaustion and lack of focus.
Perspectives on Materia Medica: Both Kent’s lectures and Robin Murphy’s “Lotus Materia Medica” provide thorough explanations of constitutional solutions for ADHD treatment. Mental, bodily, and general ailments are all covered by the remedies that are provided based on how similar they are.
Conclusion and Summary
Since ADHD is a complex disorder, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. By treating the underlying problem and customizing care, homeopathy provides safe and efficient management. The quality of life for kids and adults with ADHD is improved by homoeopathy, which supplements traditional methods including behavioral therapy and lifestyle changes. Personalized care is ensured by incorporating remedies based on the patient’s constitution and symptoms, which is consistent with homoeopathy’s holistic treatment tenets.
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List of references :-
- Harrisons principles of internal medicine, 20th edition
- APT textbook of medicine by Sandhya Kamath, 8th edition
- Textbook of medicine for MBBS by Dr. S.N.Chugh, 4th edition
- Psychiatry and Homoeopathy by Fernado Risquez, 1st edition
- Textbook of medicine with Homoeopathic therapeutics
- Lotus Materia Medica by Robin Murphy, 2nd revised edition
- Medicine Prep Manual for undergraduates, 5th edition
- Golwalla’s medicine for students
- Materia Medica of Homoeopathic medicines by Dr. S.R.Phatak
- Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica by J.T.Kent
- A synoptic key of the Materia Medica by C.M.Boger.