Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders marked by elevated blood sugar levels due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin function, or both. Over time, uncontrolled diabetes can cause severe damage to various organs and systems in the body, including the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.
TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS
- Type 1 Diabetes: Characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency. It includes immune-mediated and idiopathic forms.
- Type 2 Diabetes: A result of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, often linked with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): Occurs during pregnancy and increases the risk of future type 2 diabetes.
- Other Specific Types: Includes genetic defects (e.g., MODY), pancreatic diseases, endocrinopathies, drug-induced diabetes, infections, and genetic syndromes associated with diabetes (e.g., Down’s syndrome).
Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to an absolute insulin deficiency.
TYPE 2 Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM): Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) is a long-term metabolic condition marked by elevated blood sugar levels. It occurs when the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin (the hormone that controls blood sugar) or doesn’t produce enough insulin to regulate glucose effectively. Unlike Type 1 diabetes, where insulin production stops entirely, in Type 2 diabetes, the body either can’t use insulin properly or the pancreas gradually loses its ability to produce sufficient amounts, leading to persistent high blood sugar.
Drugs/Medication for Diabetes Mellitus
- Metformin
- Insulin
- Sulfonylureas
- Glinides
- Thiazolidinediones
- Dpp-4 Inhibitors
- Glp-1 Receptor Agonists
- Sglt2 Inhibitors
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